Women, Academia, Philosophy, Power

Around this time six years ago I was putting together my AHRC application to do a PhD in Philosophy at Warwick. I was going to write my thesis on Spinoza and Nietzsche’s conception of truth. I was really looking forward to it. Then I fell out with my prospective supervisor and I decided not to stay at Warwick. And then I couldn’t muster up the enthusiasm to apply elsewhere. This had a huge effect– Philosophy was really very important to me – I loved reading it and thinking and writing. Anyone who knew me at that time will know how enthusiastic I was; usually going on about something in Spinoza’s Ethics which had got me excited that day.

After a few years of bumbling around being confused, I started writing a book, started my own business, and realised that last week I started reading Philosophy again. And today I started thinking about why I had gotten out of Philosophy in the first place. It’s not like I am any less interested in the questions, or less interested in reading Philosophy.

Then I picked up this on Twitter, which is a discussion between a friend who I knew at Warwick, the writer Scott Bakker and some other Philosophy type people. It reminded me exactly of what I was getting out of. I hate that really small, tight (often pedantic) type of discussion of things that don’t really matter to anyone else except a few people. And that’s what Philosophy is, right?

Well, now I realise, no, not right. That’s not what it is – that’s what it’s been defined in a very narrow, masculine, over-codified, academic world. What I always disliked about Philosophy is the idea that you’ve got to combat with people, all the time. Academic conferences, in Philosophy anyway, although I’m sure in other disciplines too, would always have enthusiastic people presenting their work only to be followed by people trying to pick holes in it. Warwick was bad, although it was usually across the stupid analytic/continental philosophy divide. I heard stories of people who had given papers at Middlesex only to have strips torn off them by members of staff and PhD students.

I’m giving some papers at a Tech conference in Holland this week and I have none of the same worries about presenting. I gave a paper on Deleuze & Leibniz once and was terrified of the questions. I was worried I’d say something wrong, knew that there would be people there ready to trip me up. I’m quite looking forward to questions at the end of my WordPress papers.

Seriously, Philosophy may be populated with geeks, but it’s not lacking in testosterone. The thing about academic philosophy is that the stage has already been set, and it’s a male stage. If you’re a woman and you enter into it you’re doing it on masculine terms. You’ve already lost – game over. Maybe some people are comfortable with that, fine, I never was. Maybe that’s why while there are so many women who do Philosophy as a BA and MA, the numbers to drop off toward PhD and then in academic careers.

My husband asked me this evening if I’d ever felt discriminated against as a woman. I said no, I didn’t think so. But when I think about it, while I was never personally discriminated against, I was structurally discriminated against. You have got to enter into those masculine power structures to do well – there isn’t really any other way. Of course, you can, and I could have, but I was never comfortable with it. And if you try to be part of the academic philosophy world without entering into combat mode you’re seen as weak or flakey. And it’s not just men who see you like that that. Women who have acceded to the masculine mode of doing things think that too – are even more likely to say it.

I guess another way is to go down the feminist theory route, which wasn’t really my thing since what I loved in philosophy was ontology and ethics. And anyway, just because I’m a woman doesn’t mean that I have to do feminist theory.

There were few of the men who I met who I thought were sexist (though there were a few); the methodology itself is sexist. There isn’t room for any other mode of doing Philosophy. It’s as if combat is the only way to do it. It’s not. Philosophy doesn’t have to be narrowed down to the myopic world of academia. In the end, I’m glad it was academia that I gave up, instead of giving up Philosophy. I didn’t accede to the masculine power structures that were being enforced, and I’m sure that I have thrived much more outside of them. Maybe I’ll even start writing a bit about Philosophy again 🙂


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9 responses to “Women, Academia, Philosophy, Power”

  1. John Appleby Avatar
    John Appleby

    ‘Philosophers, especially those with an academic position, inherit a long tradition of arguing for the sake of arguing; even if they despair of reaching the truth, they think it a matter of pride to make other philosophers look foolish. A hankering for academic reputation turns them into a kind of dialectical bravoes, who go about picking quarrels with their fellow philosophers and running them through in public, not for the sake of advancing knowledge, but in order to decorate themselves with scalps’ (R.G. Collingwood).

    Having said that, if you think that feminist theorists are any better, you’re very much mistaken in my experience.

    1. Siobhan Avatar
      Siobhan

      I don’t know many feminist theorists personally but no doubt you’re right about that. It’s probably just academics generally.

      I like that quote 🙂 Says it all. I wonder what happened to Philosophy….. Or has it always been like this?

  2. John Appleby Avatar
    John Appleby

    The quote is from the 1930s. I think philosophy has always had a tendency to be like this, although it was greatly exacerbated with the advent of professional academics. I think philosophy inherited it from the great theological debates, which were often as much about power-politics as truth.

    If you look at the great philosophical correspondences of the 17th and 18th centuries, much of it seems better natured and driven by a genuine desire for knowledge. However, there were plainly still ‘trolls’ who just wanted to trip people up (e.g. Boxel to Spinoza).

  3. David Roden Avatar

    Hi Siobhan,

    I’m not sure what your complaint about philosophy is. You may not have been interested in the debate on my website (fine – you were free not to read it) but it was a substantive debate about some difficult topics that Scott, Pete, myself and other people I respect do care about. It helped this “other Philosophy type person” think through some issues about the place of interpretationism and refine my understanding about other topics in an incremental way. I really don’t know how else philosophy can be done. If there’s no revealed truth, the only way we can test the adequacy of our theories is by looking at their internal consistency, consilience with wide knowledge and explanatory power.

    This is often best achieved in the company of others and can also be a rather humbling experience. Being prepared to test your ideas in a civilized debate – and this one was consistently polite and good natured – requires a preparedness to accept the force of others argument. The idea that it stems from an overabundance of a certain steroid hormone in one’s testes is just conventionally sexist.

    David Roden

    1. Siobhan Avatar
      Siobhan

      My complaint isn’t with philosophy itself, but with the mode in which it’s carried out in academia. Fine that you were discussing things on your blog, as I said to Pete on Twitter, I don’t want to do that sort of thing any more but I’m glad that people are.

      What bothers me is that the accepted mode of doing philosophy is totally gendered. This doesn’t simply mean the combative style that’s adopted by many people. Given that women have only been permitted to attend University since last century, it’s hardly controversial to say that the power structures that they are entering into are still predominantly masculine. This is exacerbated by the fact that the history of philosophy is by-and-large written by men. So as a woman trying to make it in the philosophy academic world you’ve got the double-whammy of with two power structures, intertwined, that you’ve got to deal with. Of course there are women who do it successfully, but they’re often called “feminist thinkers”. Why can’t women do philosophy without it being gendered, whereas when men do it it’s neutral?

      I don’t think men in philosophy (or elsewhere in life) really think about it all that much. After all, do you feel alienated by the structures you’re entering into on the basis of your gender? I suspect not. But since your discussion on your blog and most similar discussions are carried out by men, do you think that there might be something alienating about them to women? And since that’s often the way that philosophy is done, at least in the establishment, and how it is thought it should be carried out, is that not a problem? Or does that not matter?

      I don’t think I’m being sexist, since I’m not actually saying that it’s just down to testosterone but actually to do with power structures that you and I and everyone else has inherited. But even if I am, I don’t care. Turns out I’ve been discriminated against for years and I didn’t even know it.

  4. David Roden Avatar

    Siobhan

    The claim that social structures of any kind determine social behaviour is controversial. Many philosophers and social scientists (e.g. Jon Elster and Dan Sperber) reject it. This doesn’t mean it’s false to claim that structures determine behaviour, of course. But the claim needs to be argued for and those arguments need to be evaluated for virtues like soundness, validity and explanatory power. I emphasize that this was all that I, Pete and Scott were doing in this case.

    This is part of a process of sifting out better from worse arguments that is essential for any kind of intellectual life. If you eliminate that you eliminate philosophy in favour of (I don’t know what – the sublime recapitulation of hallowed texts or ludic variations on the same? I can’t think of anything more disgustingly patriarchal).

    Neither male nor female academics have a monopoly on aggression in my experience. As it happens, I’ve had some bruising and alienating encounters with academics of both genders. However, these experiences were never the result of a participating in a good natured, open discussion.

    Best wishes,

    David

    1. Siobhan Avatar
      Siobhan

      I’m not actually talking about theory, or what can be argued for and “evaluated for virtues like soundness, validity and explanatory power”. I’m talking about my own concrete experience of being a woman in that world. It’s not really reducible to the type of argumentation you’re talking about.

      This is pretty much my point – anything that can’t be reduced to the methodology you’re describing is not worth thinking about, it isn’t philosophy. And since I’m not actually interested in that I’m not doing philosophy. Which is sad, because I love philosophy.

      And of course neither male and female academics have a monopoly on aggression – I’ve encountered it from both sides. I’m not saying men are aggressive and women are lovely, I’m saying that the power structures in academia and in philosophy are gendered. You can cite who you want at me, I’m sure I could counter-cite with quotes from equally intelligent people and we could go round in circles.

  5. curiouserandcuriouser Avatar
    curiouserandcuriouser

    what about philosophy do you like?

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